The main organ that of the urinary system after the main organ functions to filter waste products from the body's metabolism that must be removed through the excretion process is the kidneys. The remaining metabolite compounds that accumulate in the blood are caused by the kidneys being unable to filter and remove uremia toxin compounds such as urea and creatinine from the body. One indication of kidney damage can be seen from levels of creatinine and urea in the blood that exceed normal limits....

Antibiotic resistance has become a global issue that is quite worrying because it can threaten the survival of living things, especially humans. This resistance can occur due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics by the community. This study aims to determine the ability of activated charcoal magnetic composites (ACMC) to adsorb tetracycline hydrochloride compounds. Samples were obtained from jengkol peel waste which was charred and activated using acid and the addition of magnetic properties....

A study on the synthesis of magnetized adsorbents from coal fly ash (FA) for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye has been conducted. The method involves acid activation and ferrite magnetization of FA. The activation of FA was performed by mixing it in an HCl solution, while the magnetization was carried out by the coprecipitation method using the molar ratio of 1:2 of Fe2+/Fe3+. The magnetized coal fly ash adsorbent (FA/Fe3O4) was then utilized to adsorb the MG dye, and the results were ...

The Aloe vera plant has been widely used as a food ingredient, medicine and cosmetics. This research aims to test the gel and ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves as an antioxidant and absorber of UV light in vitro, as well as predicting the interaction mechanism for ROS1 kinase and collagenase receptors in silico.The antioxidant activity test method was carried out in vitro using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl-Hydrazine) reagent. Activity as a UV light absorber is carried out by calculating...

Significant efforts are necessary to prevent the spoilage of fatty acid-rich foods as a result of lipid oxidation. Active packaging is a technology that employs packaging films containing antioxidants to increase the stability of perishable foods susceptible to oxidation. This preliminary study aimed to incorporate tannic acid (TA) into a chitosan/κ-carrageenan (Chit/κ-Car)-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) films and evaluate their antioxidant release profile. The composition of Chit/κ-Car,...

Diarylheptanoids compounds from the genus Etlingera have attracted widespread attention due to their various structural diversity and potential pharmacological effects. This is certainly an important part to continue to study, especially from Sulawesi endemic species, one of which is Etlingera calophrys. The fruit of E. calophrys is widely utilized in the Sulawesi community. The lack of information on the content of chemical compounds and their pharmacological activities, so the study is very im...

This study aimed to analyze the chemical components and antibacterial activity of essential oils from kamboja (Plumeria alba L.), sedap malam (Polianthes tuberosa L.), and kenanga (Cananga ordorata L.) flowers against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923. Additionally, the study explored the application of these essential oils as bio additives in transparent solid bath soap. The research consisted of several stages: isolation and identification of chemical components of essential oils using the GC-M...

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium protozoan parasites that transmit via the female Anopheles sp. mosquito. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi are the five Plasmodium species known to infect humans. P. falciparum is the most virulent species, causing the most deaths worldwide. The decrease in efficacy of most antimalarials suggests drug resistance. Therefore, the development of new effective antimalarials, pa...

In early 2024, Covid-19 witnessed a substantial decline in cases. Nevertheless, with lingering cases and fatalities persisting, it remains crucial to focus on research to develop patented medicines to inhibit the spread of this virus effectively. This study focuses on the Papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 because of its crucial role in the viral life cycle, where it is vital for processing precursor proteins into functional components required for viral replication and propagation. This...

Nowadays, hydrogel has a wide range of applications, such as in the biomedical field, due to its excellent biocompatibility. Hydrogel may be synthesized using biomaterials that are abundantly found in the natural environment. This research involved the synthesis of a hydrogel using sugar palm starch as the base material, but hydrogel made from starch has lower chemical and physical properties. To enhance its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, alginate and chitosan were incorporated a...

Toona sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and fever. In the present study, the stem bark extracts of T. sinensis were investigated to determine the antibacterial activity, total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and chemical constituent using gradual extraction by maceration method with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. In vitro, antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus...

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a medicinal plant in the Verbenaceae family that is known to have antidiabetic activity. The secondary metabolite content found in sungkai leaves is in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. This research aimed to identify the biological activity of compounds in sungkai plants as antidiabetic agents using α-glucosidase inhibitors in silico. Sungkai leaf extract with ethanol solvent was identified using a Liquid C...

This work studied examined the influence of ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) on CMC/PVA-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes, focusing on molecular vibration, proton conductivity, and physicochemical properties. SPE membranes were prepared via the casting solution method with varying CH3COONH4 concentrations to determine the optimal proton conductivity. Various characterizations, including FTIR, EIS, XRD, and TGA, were performed. The optimal membrane condition was achieved with 10 wt-% CH...

The increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can lead to climate change and adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to capture CO2 and convert it into a more valuable substance, such as methanol. In this study, we established a tandem system involving dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochemical (DSSC-PEC), which included the PEC zone using CuO/dark TiO2 nanotube array (CuO/dTNA) as the dark cathode where CO2 reduction takes place, and Co-Pi/...

This research aims to prepare the proton-conducting solid electrolyte membrane based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) complexed with ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4). The membranes were prepared by using casting solution technique where the various weight percentages of ammonium acetate mixed to CMCh for obtaining optimum condition based on ionic conductivity analysis. Some characterizations were conducted to analysis the functional groups (involving complexation studies), ionic conductivities, mech...

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ester is a non ionic surfactant compound that could use a pour point depressant (PPD) for crude oil. Synthesis of PEG-ester with reflux and mono wave-50 methods through esterification fatty acid such as oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid with adding p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) as a catalyst. The product of esterification could be a mixture of monoester and diester. Synthesized PEG ester by reflux method resulted in higher yield than by mono wave-50 method. ...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as a colorimetric sensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 with surface modification using N-ethyl-N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2). The gold sources used in the synthesis are produced by PT Aneka Tambang Indonesia (ANTAM) and commercial gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study compares the sensitivity values of ANTAM gold sources and commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Th...

Used cooking oil (UCO) is abundant in Indonesia because of lifestyle of people. Especially UCO from street vendors had very low quality based on its Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content that reached 5.074%. When UCO was deposed into drainage, it would pollute the environment. Low grade UCO from street vendors contained Unsaturated-Fatty-Acid, Saturated-Fatty-Acid, and other hydrocarbons. Recycling UCO to replace edible oil considered more desirable rather than biodiesel since higher added value. FFA wa...

Dysoxylum alliaceum belongs to the Dysoxylum genus (Meliaceae) and there are few reports concerning the phytochemical components of this plant. To examine the chemical constituents of Dysoxylum alliaceum stem bark, a phytochemical study has been conducted and identified five known steroids, 3β,16β-dihydroxy-24(S)-methyl cholestenol (1), ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (3), 22(E)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β,5α,8α-triol (4), and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (5) from its ethano...